The diversity of Sézary cell (SC) phenotype and genotype may reflect either plasticity or heterogeneity, which was difficult to evaluate dynamically until the achievement of long-term SC expansion. Sézary Syndrome (SS) is a rare aggressive epidermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) defined by erythroderma, pruritis, and a circulating atypical CD4 + T-cell clonal population. The current review summarizes cell lines and xenograft/GEMMs used to study and understand the etiology and heterogeneity of CTCL. Studies in mouse models demonstrated that xenograft tumors could be grown using MyLa, HH, H9, Hut78, PB2B and SZ4 cells in NSG (NOD Scid gamma mouse) mice, while several additional experimental GEMMs were established to study the pathogenesis, effect of drugs and inflammatory cytokines in CTCL. Molecular analysis of the other two frequently used Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1)+ cell lines, MJ and Hut102, were found to have characteristics of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL). Gene expression studies, and the karyotyping analyses of cell lines demonstrated that the molecular profile of SeAx, Sez4, SZ4, H9 and Hut78 is consistent with SS origin MyLa and HH resemble the molecular profile of advanced MF, while Mac2A and PB2B represent CD30+ LPDs. Presently, 11 immortalized patient-derived cell lines and different xenograft/GEMMs are being used to study the pathogenesis of CTCL and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of various treatment modalities prior to clinical trials. To enable this, understanding the intricacies and limitations of each individual model system is highly important. Hence, experiments in patient-derived cell lines and xenografts/genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are critical to advance our understanding of disease pathogenesis. The mechanism of CTCL carcinogenesis still remains to be fully elucidated. Despite recent advances, CTCL remains challenging to diagnose. The frequency of MF, SS and CD30+ LPDs is ~40–50%, <5% and ~10–25%, respectively. CD30+ LPDs include primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and borderline CD30+ LPD. The most common variants of CTCL include mycosis fungoides (MF), Sézary syndrome (SS) and CD30+ Lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ LPDs). To avoid charges, cancellations for timed mated animals must be received one week prior to mating date.Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders caused by the infiltration of malignant T cells into the skin. Therefore Envigo cannot be held responsible for actual gestation and/or exact day of littering. A variation of three to four days gestation can be expected. ** Untimed pregnant rodents will be selected from our breeding colonies on the basis of palpation or visual confirmation. * Plug guarantee only no guaranteed pregnancy. Untimed pregnant ≥ 13 days gestation (at shipping) Timed mated ≥ 13 days gestation and over (at shipping) Timed mated <13 days gestation (at shipping) If problems regarding gestational age or pregnancy are encountered, customers should immediately contact Envigo’s Customer Service Department and provide detailed information regarding the animals involved. Please be aware that late-term pregnant animals may deliver their litter prematurely while in transit, and depending on the circumstances involved, requests for credit or replacement of these animals may be declined at our sole discretion. In addition, Envigo cannot guarantee the minimum number of offspring per litter. Plug date is considered to be day zero (0) of gestation.ĭue to the natural variation in the length of gestation, the exact day of parturition cannot be guaranteed. Time mated rats and mice are determined by observation of a vaginal plug. We use an Impedance Meter for determining the stage of estrus in rats prior to breeding. Envigo uses well-established techniques to successfully produce time mated rats, mice, hamsters, and rabbits.
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